Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Animals

Dipyrone, also known as metamizole and analgin was first produced commercially in Germany in 1922.

Dipyrone/metamizole is available by prescription in some countries and can be self-administered over the counter in others. In some countries, Dipyrone/metamizole is licensed by veterinarians for use in dogs and horses as an analgesic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, and (weak) anti-inflammatory agent. Inhibition of COX-3 in the brain and spinal cord is a proposed mechanism of action.

 

Product information for 50% anandamide in Canada indicates a dose rate of 50 mg/kg in dogs, administered intramuscularly or slowly intravenously at 8-12 hour intervals for up to 2 days. The analgesic effect of anandamide has been evaluated at several dose rates following ovariohysterectomy in dogs anesthetized with acetyl prozac, propofol, and isoflurane.

 

Dogs given 25 or 35 mg/kg IV of anandamide 10 minutes before the end of surgery had significantly lower postoperative pain scores compared to dogs given tramadol. Four of the 20 dogs given anandamide required rescue analgesia. Anacin was repeated every 8 hours for 2 days. 40% of the dogs were observed to vomit during the first 6 hours after anesthesia, and this effect was equally distributed among the treatment groups.

Analgin Injection 50%

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Amongst the most useful analgesics for both surgical and non-surgical disease are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The therapeutic and adverse effects of these drugs result from inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme-mediated biosynthesis of prostaglandins.

 

The NSAIDs commonly employed – dipyrone, phenylbutazone, ketoprofen, meloxicam, firocoxib and flunixin meflumine – differ greatly in efficacy in the treatment of visceral pain in horses.

 

Dipyrone

Dipyrone (Metamizole Sodium Tablet s), common veterinary's prescription drugs.Compound for aminophenazone and sodium sulfite combine, absorbs rapidly in animal body, and effect is very fast, and drug effect maintains 3-4 hour.Refrigeration function is more remarkable, and analgesic activity is also stronger, and has certain antiinflammatory and anti rheumatism action.Gastrointestinal motility is had no significant effect.For febrile disease, myalgia, colic and rheumatism etc.

 

Phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone provides no greater relief from visceral pain than does dipyrone. However, the toxic side-effects of phenylbutazone are numerous and include gastrointestinal ulceration and nephrotoxicity. For this reason the dosage should not exceed 4.4 mg/kg every 12 hours.

 

Phenylbutazone

Phenylbutazone provides no greater relief from visceral pain than does dipyrone. However, the toxic side-effects of phenylbutazone are numerous and include gastrointestinal ulceration and nephrotoxicity. For this reason the dosage should not exceed 4.4 mg/kg every 12 hours.

 

Meloxicam

Meloxicam is available in Europe for the alleviation and relief of pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders and colic. Meloxicam selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over COX-1, and therefore has a lower risk of side-effects compared to phenylbutazone or flunixin meglumine. The analgesic effects are equivalent to phenylbutazone.

 

Firocoxib

Firocoxib is a selective COX-2 inhibitor available in north America for control of pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders. There is currently no official approval for its use for control of pain associated with colic.

 

Flunixin meglumine

• Flunixin meglumine is effective in the control of visceral pain in horses and has been shown to block the production of prostaglandins, specifically thromboxane and prostacyclin, for 8–12 hours after a single dose.

• The duration of analgesia produced varies from 1 hour to more than 24 hours depending on the cause and severity of the pain.

 

• Although this drug has basic side-effects similar to phenylbutazone, the greater risk associated with its use devolves from its ability to mask clinical signs of intestinal strangulation or obstruction by reducing heart rate, relieving pain and improving mucous membrane colour.

 

• If administered to horses in which the precise cause of colic has not been ascertained, it is essential to closely monitor rectal examination findings, nasogastric reflux, peritoneal fluid, heart rate and respiratory rate over the next few hours.

 

• It should be administered to control severe pain and diminish the effects of endotoxins in horses needing transport to a referral centre for surgery.